World Polio Day, observed every October 24, highlights the global efforts to eradicate polio and underscores the critical role of vaccination in safeguarding children from this disease. This annual event also provides an opportunity to recognize the contributions of mothers, fathers, caregivers, health workers, and volunteers who are instrumental in ensuring that polio vaccines reach children and communities. India, for example, celebrated 12 polio-free years on January 13, 2023, marking a significant achievement with the last polio case reported in 2011.
Date and Theme:
World Polio Day is commemorated each year on October 24 with the aim of raising awareness about the importance of polio vaccination in protecting children from this crippling disease. The theme for World Polio Day 2023 is “A Healthier Future for Mothers and Children.”
Polio Vaccines:
Two primary types of vaccines are employed in the fight against polio:
- Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV): This vaccine generates antibodies in the bloodstream and offers protection against all three strains of the poliovirus. It acts as a shield against polio paralysis by preventing the spread of the virus to the nervous system.
- Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV): IPV is an injectable vaccine that can be administered individually or in combination with other vaccines, such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and haemophilus influenza. Typically, three spaced doses are administered to ensure sufficient seroconversion. A booster dose is provided during late childhood to sustain immunity against polio.
Polio Symptoms:
While the majority of individuals infected with the poliovirus remain asymptomatic and show no symptoms, approximately one in four people with polio experience mild symptoms, such as a sore throat, fever, fatigue, nausea, headache, and abdominal pain. In some cases, the virus can lead to severe complications affecting the brain and spinal cord, including conditions like meningitis, paralysis, or weakness in the arms or legs.
Significance of World Polio Day:
World Polio Day holds significant importance in the ongoing battle against polio. On this day, major health organizations, including Rotary International and the World Health Organization (WHO), pay tribute to the dedicated individuals and groups involved in the global fight against polio. The observance underscores the necessity of preventing the resurgence of the virus and encourages fundraising efforts to realize the ultimate goal of complete polio eradication.
On this day, Rotary International and various organizations host a range of events to raise awareness about polio. These activities can take diverse forms, from rallies and walks to organizing contests in educational institutions.
History of World Polio Day:
In 1988, the world faced approximately 350,000 cases of polio. The World Health Assembly made a resolute commitment to eradicate the poliovirus. Notably, in 2002, the WHO European Region was declared polio-free. Consequently, October 24 was designated as World Polio Day, and it has been celebrated annually since then as a reminder of the ongoing efforts to eliminate this disease.
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